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The 13 Coping Modes are based on the research of Dr. Jeffrey Young, Ph.D. Coping modes are distinct emotional states or mindsets that influence how individuals perceive and respond to situations, often originating from early life experiences. They encompass patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that shape one’s self-concept and interpersonal relationships. Take the Coping...

The Visionary Sage of Ideals Plato, the towering philosopher of fourth-century BCE Athens, emerges as a luminous mind in the tapestry of Western thought. Known for his theory of Forms, his dialogues weaving Socratic wisdom, and his establishment of the Academy, Plato crafted a philosophy that sought to transcend the material world and touch the...

The Charismatic Harmonizer of Truth Pythagoras of Samos, the renowned philosopher and mathematician of the sixth century BCE, emerges as a magnetic figure in the Presocratic landscape. Known for his theorem of right triangles, his mystical reverence for numbers, and his founding of a tight-knit philosophical community, Pythagoras wove together intellectual brilliance with a profound...

The Strategic Seer of FluxHeraclitus of Ephesus, the enigmatic Presocratic philosopher of the late sixth century BC, stands as a solitary, piercing intellect amid a world of shifting shadows. Known as the “Obscure One” for his cryptic aphorisms—like “You cannot step into the same river twice” and “The way up and the way down are...

A Visionary Blend of Passion and Imagination Empedocles, the flamboyant Presocratic philosopher from fifth-century BCE Sicily, stands out among his peers for his vivid imagination, dramatic flair, and profound emotional engagement with the cosmos. Known for his theory of the four elements—earth, air, fire, and water—interacting through the forces of love and strife, Empedocles wove...

Enneagram Type 1: In the intricate tapestry of personality, Enneagram Type 1 emerges as the Perfectionist, an individual whose inner world is shaped by a relentless pursuit of ideals and a deep-seated desire for improvement. This personality type is characterized by a distinct set of traits, motivations, and tendencies that paint a vivid portrait of...

What are the communication options for individuals who cannot depend on speech? Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) could provide solutions. On this page, discover who might find AAC beneficial and when it’s appropriate to begin. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) encompasses a range of devices, systems, techniques, and aids that either substitute or enhance natural...

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) refers to devices, systems, strategies, and tools that either substitute or assist verbal language. They are designed to aid individuals facing challenges in communicating through speech. The initial “A” in AAC signifies Augmentative Communication. Augmenting means enhancing or supplementing. Augmentative communication involves enhancing your speech by adding elements like sign...

When a person’s history is full of decisions and actions that are harmful to them, it can be difficult to understand. Freud saw self-destructive behavior as the most difficult problem to solve with his theory because it goes against the idea that organisms try to minimize pain and maximize pleasure. Masochism is a term used...

Schizophrenia is a diagnosis that fits people at the disturbed end of the schizoid spectrum, so non-schizoid others often pathologize those with schizoid traits. However, people with schizoid dynamics can range from hospitalized catatonic patients to creative geniuses. Some people with psychotic tendencies are attracted to occupations such as philosophy, spirituality, theoretical science, and the...

Individuals with antisocial tendencies often present some of the most challenging cases for mental health practitioners. This is due in part to the fact that these individuals typically exhibit a lack of remorse or empathy and may be skilled in manipulating those around them. Psychopathy, or antisocial personality disorder, is a mental disorder that is...

Narcissism has been a popular topic of discussion in recent years. The term “narcissistic” refers to people whose personalities are organized around maintaining their self-esteem by getting affirmation from outside themselves. This can be done through things such as approval from others or avoiding criticism. Some people have a disproportionate degree of self-concern, to the...

“I use the [Heraclitean] term enantiodromia for the emergence of the unconscious opposite in the course of time.” – C.G. Jung: Psychological Types §709 “I referred to Heraclitus, and [Jung] said Heraclitus knew a lot and he had got the notion of the enantiodromia [i.e. “law of running counter to”] from him. [He said] it...

By Ryan Smith The Big Five Test is the gold standard in science. It is the most widely used personality test in scientific research and has sometimes been called “the only truly scientific personality test.” Among scientists, the Big Five is generally seen as more accurate and comprehensive than other tests, but the model may...

By Eva Gregersen It is not without a certain sense of irony that I sit down to write a primer on meditation. You see, when I was younger, I was full of disdain for meditation, which I knew little about but associated with empty feel-good rhetoric spouted by intellectually challenged new age hippies who were...